ABSTRACT
Introduction:Reports on neonatal coronavirus disease (COVID) have been focused on vertical transmission. There was little information on prevalence of neonates with COVID till up to 18 months of age. It is well known that breastfeeding is beneficial for the growth and development of infants. We hypothesized that breastfeeding will be beneficial for a better prevalence of neonatal COVID. The objective of this study is to explore the prognosis of fever neonates with confirmed community infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, and to clarify whether human milk breastfeeding is beneficial for reducing the rate of severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in neonates. Methods and analysis:This is a prospective single centre cohort study. Study period is from December, 2022 to December 2024. Inclusion criteria are: (1) Age less than 28 days or corrected age less than 44 weeks. (2) Fever. (3) Both tests (throat swab) of nucleic acid and antigen of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron were positive. (4) Parents signed the consents. Exclusion criteria is confirmed brain malformations. Patients will be classified into breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and formula feeding groups. The estimate sample size will be 200. The throat swab of infants will be collected for SARS-CoV-2 omicron nucleic acid ad antigen examination. Neonatal COIVD patients will be treated in the Out-Patient Department or admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit according to the severity of infection. All patients will be followed at 3/6/12/18M of age. The endpoint to study was at 18 months of age. Data will be collected by Case Record Form and Electronic Data Capture from the History of In-hospital System. The primary outcome was the rate of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. SPSS 20.0 software will used for statistical analysis. Ethics and dissemination: It is approved by local Institute of Ethics Review Board (#[2022]-E-240-Y). Registration: It is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) (ChiCTR2200067148)
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Fever , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Anemia, Neonatal , COVID-19 , Central Nervous System Vascular MalformationsABSTRACT
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major public health challenge worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of clinical characteristics and immune responses in asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic patients with COVID-19 is of great significance to the countermeasures of patients with COVID-19. Herein, we described the clinical information and laboratory findings of 43 individuals from Hunan Province, China, including 13 asymptomatic carriers and 10 symptomatic patients with COVID-19, as well as 20 healthy controls in the period from 25 January to 18 May 2020. The serum samples of these individuals were analyzed to measure the cytokine responses, receptor-binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific antibody titers, as well as SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). For cytokines, significantly higher Th1 cytokines including IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, as well as Th2 cytokines including IL-10 and IL-13 were observed in symptomatic patients compared with asymptomatic carriers. Compared with symptomatic patients, higher N-specific IgG4/IgG1 ratio and RBD-specific/N-specific IgG1 ratio were observed in asymptomatic carriers. Comparable nAbs were detected in both asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic patients with COVID-19. In the symptomatic group, nAbs in patients with underlying diseases were weaker than those of patients without underlying diseases. Our retrospective study will enrich and verify the clinical characteristics and serology diversities in asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic patients with COVID-19.